02231nab a22002897a 4500999001700000001000700017003001100024005001700035006001900052008004100071040003900112082001700151100002000168245011000188300004700298520143200345650002301777650001101800650001001811651002001821651001001841651002001851651001201871773002801883942001401911945001601925  c46714d46714046970CL-SaANEPE20211028235722.0a||||| |||| 00| 0 110822t2011    xx ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aCL-SaANEPEcCL-SaANEPEdCL-SaANEPE  aUS.WP/1/20111 aAktürk, Sener10aRegimes of ethnicity :bcomparative analysis of Germany, the Soviet Union/post Soviet Russia, and Turkey.  aVol. 63, nro. 1 (january 2011), p. 115-164  aHow do state policies that regulate the relationship between ethnicity and nationality change? this article examines the dynamics of  persistence and change in state policies toward ethnicity in orden to better comprehend the nature of political contestation over these state policies, the author first develops a new typology regimes of ethnicity, and categorizes states as having monoethnic, multiethnic, and antiethnic regimes. These regimes are defined along dimensions of membership and expression. Second, he develops a theory of ethnic regime change. He explains the persistence and change in policies related to ethnicity and nationality in Germany, the Soviet Union/post-Soviet Russia, and Turkey since the 1950s by reference to the presence or absence of three independent variables: counterelites, new discourses, and hegemonic majority. He argues that if counterelites representing constituencies with ethnically  specific grievances como to power equipped with a new discourse on ethnicity and nationality and garner a hegemonic majority, they can change state policies on ethnicity. These three factors are separately necessary and jointly sufficient for change. Reform in the German citizenship law, removal of ethnicity from Russian internal passports, and the beginning of public broadcasting in Kurdish and other minority languages on state television in Turkey are examined as major changes in state policies 4aANALISIS COMPARADO 4aETNIAS 4aRAZAS 4aUNION SOVIETICA 4aRUSIA 4aFEDERACION RUSA 4aTURQUIA0 tWorld Politics.w020492  cREVA2ddc  aoss20110822